Sources

On this page you can browse and explore the sources for the content shared on Kids Boost Immunity (as well as additional resources). If you're looking to learn more, these are great places to start!

Critical Thinking and Evaluating Sources

Evaluating Information Sources:
McMaster University, BHSc Library Research Guide - The CRAAP Test
Immunization Information on the Internet: Can you trust what you read?

Bias:
CIA - Biases in Perception of Cause and Effect

Correlation Vs. Causation:
Spurious Correlations
Night Lights Don't Lead To Nearsightedness, Study Suggests

Global Inequality

The relationship between immunization and poverty:
Gavi - Study: vaccines prevent not just disease, but also poverty
Unicef, Immunization Programme
Unicef, Immunization: Saving Lives and Protecting Futures
Unicef USA - Infographic: 1.5 Million Kids Don't Get The Vaccines They Need. Why?

Details on the poverty trap:
Science - Why so much of the world is stuck in a 'poverty trap'
Rice University - The Poverty Trap

History of vaccine misinformation:
NPR - A Cow Head Will Not Erupt From Your Body If You Get A Smallpox Vaccine
CBC - B.C. poll suggests 'concerning' levels of belief in anti-vaccine conspiracy theories

Vaccine supply chain and challenges:
Unicef, Immunization Programme
Unicef Canada - Ewan McGregor: Cold Chain Mission
WHO - The vaccine cold chain

Syrian War and Fighting Polio:
National Geographic - Fighting Polio Amid the Chaos of Syria’s Civil War
BBC - Why is there a war in Syria?
BC Centre for Disease Control - Polio

Canada's Three Levels of Government

Legislative Assembly of Ontario - Three Levels of Government Lesson Plan
Public Health Ontario - Municipal by-law development and public health: A primer
Public Health Agency of Canada - What is public health?

Canada's Interactions With The Global Community

World Health Issues:
WHO - Ten threats to global health in 2019
CityNews - Does Canada's healthcare system treat everyone equally?
WHO - Who we are & history

Various Maps / Latitude and Longitude:
Astronomy Education at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln - Using Longitude and Latitude
The Open University - Latitude and Longitude
National Geographic - Interactive Mapmaker
International Diabetes Federation - Diabetes Atlas
WHO - Global Health Observatory Data (Malaria)
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development - Gross National Income
VaccinesWork.org - Vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks
Vaccine Confidence Project - The state of vaccine confidence: 2016
Vaccine Safety Net - VSN Members

DHMO Hoax:
The Guardian - Something in the dihydrogen monoxide

Vaccine Hesitancy and Misinformation:
NPR - A Cow Head Will Not Erupt From Your Body If You Get A Smallpox Vaccine
CBC - B.C. poll suggests 'concerning' levels of belief in anti-vaccine conspiracy theories
Heidi J. Larson et. al - The State of Vaccine Confidence 2016: Global Insights Through a 67-Country Survey
ImmunizeBC - Why Vaccinate?
WHO - Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy

Smallpox:
Public Health Agency of Canada - Smallpox

Diabetes:
Statistics Canada - Diabetes, 2016
International Diabetes Federation - Diabetes Atlas

Malaria:
WHO - Global Health Observatory Data (Malaria)
WHO - World Malaria Report

Canada's response to vaccine hesitancy at home:
First Nations Health Authority - About us
First Nations Health Authority - Traditional Wellness Strategic Framework
Kids Boost Immunity - Who we are
Public Health Agency of Canada - Vaccines and Immunization

Canada's response to vaccine hesitancy abroad:
Vaccine Confidence Project - The state of vaccine confidence: 2016
Vaccine Safety Net - VSN Members
Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance - Canada

HPV and HPV vaccine coverage around the world:
BMC Public Health - Decline in HPV-vaccination uptake in Denmark – the association between HPV-related media coverage and HPV-vaccination
CNN - Why Rwanda could be the first country to wipe out cervical cancer
ImmunizeBC - HPV
WHO - Achieving High Coverage in Rwanda's National Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Programme

On Meteorites and Chances of Death:
Prof. Stephen A. Nelson - Meteorites, Impacts, and Mass Extinction
Wired.com - Odds of Death By Asteroid? Lower Than Plane Crash, Higher Than Lightning

Immune System & Vaccines

CANImmunize - Immunity Warriors
ImmunizeBC - Vaccines by Disease
CDC - Understanding How Vaccines Work

Homeostasis and Wellness

Feedback Loops: Insulin and Glucagon - Biologycorner.com

 Antibiotics

Preventing Superbugs
AntibioticsWise

Tuberculosis
BCCDC - Tuberculosis
World Health Organization - Tuberculosis

Indigenous People, Racial Segregation in Healthcare, and TB
Canadian Public Health Association - TB and Aboriginal People
The Canadian Encyclopedia - Indian Hospitals in Canada 
CBC - 'Our people were experimented on': Indigenous sanatorium survivors recall medical tests
CBC - The story of a separate and unequal Canadian health care system
Active History - Bacille de Calmette-Guérin, or BCG Vaccine for Tuberculosis

The Spread of Infectious Disease & Outbreaks

What are Outbreaks?
VaccinesWork.org - Vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks
WHO - Disease Outbreaks

Smallpox and Colonialism
Kiran Van Rijn - “Lo! the Poor Indian!” Colonial Responses to the 1862-63 Smallpox Epidemic in British Columbia and Vancouver Island​​​
Maclean's - How a smallpox epidemic forged modern British Columbia
First Nations Health Authority - Our History, Our Health

Fraser Valley Measles Outbreak
Canada Communicable Disease Report 41-7 - Outbreak of Measles in an unvaccinated population, British Columbia, 2014

Bonus Content

Unicef Canada - Vaccination drive ongoing to protect children from deadly measles outbreak in Ukraine

Why is There a Flu Season?
Popular Science - FYI: Why Is There A Winter Flu Season?
Harvard University, Science in the News - The Reason for the Season: why flu strikes in winter
Scientific American - Why do we get the flu most often in the winter? Are viruses more virulent in cold weather?

Coronavirus (COVID-19)

World Health Organization - Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak

BC Centre for Disease Control - Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Government of Canada - Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Coronavirus Disease 2019

Folding@Home
Rosetta@Home
Fold.it COVID-19 Project

CBC News - How close are we to a vaccine for COVID-19?

The New York Times - Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker

Navigating the World of Online Information

• Almer S. Tigelaar: How long would it take to read Wikipedia? https://almer.tigelaar.net/2012/02/how-long-would-it-take-to-read-wikipedia/
• APA: The power of emotion versus the power of suggestion: Memory for emotional events in the misinformation paradigm. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034629
• The Atlantic: Google Isn’t Grad School https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/07/illusion-explanatory-depth-humility/674624/
• The Atlantic: Online Ratings Are Broken https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2023/08/online-feedback-surveys-overload/675150/
• Avast: A Complete Guide to Web Tracking (and How to Avoid It) https://www.avast.com/c-web-tracking
• Axios: How AI will turbocharge misinformation — and what we can do about it https://www.axios.com/2023/07/10/ai-misinformation-response-measures
• My Book Cave: How Long Would It Take to Read Every Book in the World? https://mybookcave.com/how-long-would-it-take-to-read-every-book-in-the-world/
• CBS News: How con artists use AI, apps, social engineering to target parents, grandparents for theft https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-con-artists-use-ai-apps-to-steal-60-minutes-transcript-2023-05-21/
• The Conversation: Social media algorithms warp how people learn from each other, research shows https://theconversation.com/social-media-algorithms-warp-how-people-learn-from-each-other-research-shows-211172
• The Conversation: When critical thinking isn’t enough: to beat information overload, we need to learn ‘critical ignoring’ https://theconversation.com/when-critical-thinking-isnt-enough-to-beat-information-overload-we-need-to-learn-critical-ignoring-198549
• CNBC: How Instagram influencers can fake their way to online fame https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/02/hbo-fake-famous-how-instagram-influencers-.html
• CNN: Bot or not? How to tell when you’re reading something written by AI https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2023/07/business/detect-ai-text-human-writing/
• Digital Commons: Amazon v. Gentile https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi
• Electronic Frontier Foundation:: Online Behavioral Tracking https://www.eff.org/issues/online-behavioral-tracking
• First Draft: Vaccine misinformation in Facebook comment sections: a case study https://firstdraftnews.org/articles/vaccine-misinformation-in-facebook-comment-sections-a-case-study/
• Forbes: Amazon Lawsuit Takes On Fake Reviewers https://www.forbes.com/sites/retailwire/2015/04/13/amazon-lawsuit-takes-on-fake-reviewers/
• Frontiers: The Impact of Online Reviews on Consumers’ Purchasing Decisions: Evidence From an Eye-Tracking Study https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.865702/full
• Friends of Europe: AI-generated disinformation is here – and it’s cheap https://www.friendsofeurope.org/insights/critical-thinking-ai-generated-disinformation-is-here-and-its-cheap/
• The Guardian: Blue-tick scammers target consumers who complain on X https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/aug/27/consumers-complaining-x-targeted-scammers-verification-changes-twitter
• The Guardian: Something in the dihydrogen monoxide https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/mar/24/usa.worlddispatch
• The Guardian: Alarm at exodus of climate voices on Twitter after Musk takeover https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/aug/15/twitter-exodus-climate-green-voices-musk-takeover
• National Library of Medicine: Prior exposure increases perceived accuracy of fake news https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6279465/
• NewsGuard: Rise of the Newsbots: AI-Generated News Websites Proliferating Online https://www.newsguardtech.com/special-reports/newsbots-ai-generated-news-websites-proliferating/
• The New York Times Wirecutter: Let’s Talk About Amazon Reviews: How We Spot the Fakes https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/blog/lets-talk-about-amazon-reviews/
• The New York Times: A New Frontier for Travel Scammers: A.I.-Generated Guidebooks https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/05/travel/amazon-guidebooks-artificial-intelligence.html
• The Next Web: How long would it take to read the whole internet? https://thenextweb.com/news/ink-print-internet
• Norton: Internet tracking: How and why we’re followed online https://us.norton.com/blog/privacy/internet-tracking
• Plush Care: How Accurate is Mental Health Advice on TikTok? https://plushcare.com/blog/tiktok-mental-health/
• PLOS ONE: Warning: Humans cannot reliably detect speech deepfakes https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0285333
• Reuters: Exclusive: AI being used for hacking and misinformation, top Canadian cyber official says https://www.reuters.com/technology/ai-being-used-hacking-misinfo-top-canadian-cyber-official-says-2023-07-20/
• Sage Journals: News comment sections and online echo chambers: The ideological alignment between partisan news stories and their user comments https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14648849211069241
• ScienceAdvances: AI model GPT-3 (dis)informs us better than humans https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adh1850
• ScienceDirect: What the fake? Probing misinformation detection standing on the shoulder of novelty and emotion https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306457321002223
• Springer Open: Reliance on emotion promotes belief in fake news https://cognitiveresearchjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41235-020-00252-3
• Taylor & Francis: An Examination of Surprise and Emotions in the Processing of Anecdotal Evidence https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1587813
• UNHCR: Factsheet 4: Types of Misinformation and Disinformation https://www.unhcr.org/innovation/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Factsheet-4.pdf
• The Washington Post: A viral left-wing Twitter account may have been fake all along https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/07/04/twitter-erica-marsh-suspended/
• Washington University in St. Louis: Are bots winning the war to control social media? https://artsci.wustl.edu/ampersand/are-bots-winning-war-control-social-media
• Wiley Online Library: Will comments change your opinion? The persuasion effects of online comments and heuristic cues in crisis communication https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1468-5973.12215
• Wyzowl: YouTube Stats: Everything You Need to Know In 2023! https://www.wyzowl.com/youtube-stats/